Creating Inclusive School Communities: Supporting Student Belonging Amid Debates on Diversity and Equity

Abstract

Understanding why individuals engage in collective action under authoritarian rule requires integrating both psychological and sociological perspectives. This study investigates the influence of fear, moral conviction, social identity, and community networks on participation in resistance movements. The proposed framework demonstrates that while repression discourages individual activism, strong social ties and shared values significantly enhance collective participation. The research highlights the importance of digital communication, informal organizations, and interpersonal trust in sustaining movements under restrictive conditions. These findings provide practical implications for the study of political behavior, civil society, and democratic development.